\u64b0\u6587: \u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d1(Stephen Hawking)\u3000\u83b1\u6602\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u8499\u6d1b\u8fea\u8bfa(Leonard Mlodinow);\u3000\u3000\u7ffb\u8bd1: \u5e9e\u73ae<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8499\u624e\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5e02\u6c11\u5c06\u91d1\u9c7c\u517b\u5728\u5706\u5f62\u9c7c\u7f38\u91cc\u89c2\u8d4f\u3002\u63d0\u6848\u8005\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u628a\u91d1\u9c7c\u5173\u5728\u5706\u5f62\u9c7c\u7f38\u91cc\u975e\u5e38\u6b8b\u5fcd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f2f\u66f2\u7684\u8868\u9762\u4f1a\u8ba9\u91d1\u9c7c\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u4e16\u754c\u53d8\u5f97\u626d\u66f2\u3002\u629b\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e00\u6cd5\u6848\u7ed9\u53ef\u601c\u7684\u91d1\u9c7c\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u798f\u7949\u4e0d\u8c08\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff1f\u91d1\u9c7c\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u80af\u5b9a\u5b83\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u4e0d\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u5b9e\uff1f\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u5c31\u8fde\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7ec8\u5176\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u900f\u8fc7\u4e00\u5757\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u955c\u7247\u6253\u91cf\u5468\u906d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u975e\u7eaf\u7406\u8bba\u7a7a\u60f3\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u773c\u4e0b\u7684\u5904\u5883\u548c\u91d1\u9c7c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6c42\u7d22\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u6781\u7684\u4e07\u6709\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u5907\u81ea\u6d3d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u5bb6\u65cf\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u900f\u8fc7\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5706\u5f62\u9c7c\u7f38\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6216\u8bb8\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u5708\u5185\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u8fd8\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u8fbe\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7ecf\u5178\u79d1\u5b66\u5c31\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u611f\u77e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u552f\u5b9e\u8bba(realism)\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5bf9\u8482\u83ab\u897f\u00b7\u5229\u91cc(Timothy Leary)\u548c\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u8bb0\u5fc6\u72b9\u65b0\u7684\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u611f\u77e5\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u89c2\u70b9\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u5f02\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u79f0\u4e3a\u53cd\u552f\u5b9e\u8bba(antirealism)\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u4e3b\u4e49(instrumentalism)\u6216\u552f\u5fc3\u8bba(idealism)\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u667a\u4ee5\u611f\u5b98\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a\u539f\u6599\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u7ed3\u6784\u5851\u9020\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u6216\u8bb8\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u4e2d\u62b9\u53bb\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u968f\u7740\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u552f\u5b9e\u8bba\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u6b63\u53d8\u5f97\u5c8c\u5c8c\u53ef\u5371\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u725b\u987f\u4f53\u7cfb\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u7269\u4f53\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u4e5f\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6(\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u7406\u89e3)\u76f8\u7b26\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d4b\u91cf\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5e73\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u7269\u4f53\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee4\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5149\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u7269\u4f53(\u5982\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u5149\u5b50)\u6784\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u4f53\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\u53bb\u6d4b\u91cf\u90a3\u4e9b\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u503c\u624d\u4f1a\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u8fd8\u6781\u5927\u5730\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u201d\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u660e\u786e\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u8ddf\u201c\u672a\u6765\u201d\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e24\u6837\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u6697\u542b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u2014\u2014\u867d\u7136\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u6865\u6881\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u65f6\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u4e0a\u5927\u5fd9\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3a\u8be0\u91ca\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8131\u79bb\u56fe\u666f\u6216\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u800c\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u552f\u5b9e\u8bba\u201d(model-dependent realism)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u666f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5c06\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u4e0e\u89c2\u6d4b\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u6309\u7167\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u552f\u5b9e\u8bba\uff0c\u8ffd\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5426\u771f\u5b9e\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u53ea\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u89c2\u6d4b\u76f8\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u4e0e\u89c2\u6d4b\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u771f\u5b9e\u3002\u8c01\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u9009\u53d6\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u522b\u53bb\u8bc4\u5224\u771f\u5b9e<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u7c7b\u73b0\u5b9e(alternative realities)\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4eca\u65e5\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u79d1\u5e7b\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5e1d\u56fd\u300b(The Matrix)\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c31\u6beb\u65e0\u5bdf\u89c9\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u667a\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u865a\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ba9\u4eba\u7c7b\u4fdd\u6301\u5b89\u5b9a\u5e76\u5fc3\u6ee1\u610f\u8db3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8089\u8eab\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0a\u62bd\u53d6\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u91cf(\u59d1\u4e14\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u79cd\u80fd\u91cf)\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u6b64\u523b\u5c31\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5e1d\u56fd\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7684\u3001\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u81ea\u5706\u5176\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u9075\u5faa\u4efb\u4f55\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u638c\u63a7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5916\u661f\u4eba\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u8da3\u6216\u8005\u597d\u73a9\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e3a\u4e86\u770b\u770b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7a81\u7136\u5bf9\u5de7\u514b\u529b\u6df1\u6076\u75db\u7edd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u591c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6d88\u9664\u6218\u4e89\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u60c5\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5916\u661f\u4eba\u575a\u51b3\u4e0d\u80af\u8fdd\u80cc\u81ea\u6d3d\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u529e\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5916\u661f\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5047\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u865a\u62df\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u7684\u751f\u7269\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b87\u5b99(\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u6000\u7591\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5e76\u975e\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u91d1\u9c7c\u7684\u5904\u5883\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5706\u5f62\u73bb\u7483\u7f38\u91cc\u770b\u5230\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9c7c\u7f38\u5916\u770b\u5230\u7684\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u59a8\u788d\u5b83\u4eec\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u9c7c\u7f38\u5916\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5149\u5728\u7531\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fdb\u5165\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u504f\u6298\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u6765\u505a\u76f4\u7ebf\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u529b\u7684\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u91d1\u9c7c\u770b\u6765\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u6cbf\u66f2\u7ebf\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8eab\u5904\u4e00\u4e2a\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u7cfb\uff0c\u91d1\u9c7c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u59cb\u7ec8\u90fd\u5f88\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u9c7c\u7f38\u5916\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u505a\u51fa\u9884\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u4f1a\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7b80\u5355\u4e0e\u5426\u53ea\u4e0e\u54c1\u5473\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5982\u679c\u91d1\u9c7c\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u5957\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\u91d1\u9c7c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u7684\u8457\u540d\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u8bf4\u660e\u5bf9\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6258\u52d2\u5bc6\u7684\u5730\u5fc3\u8bf4\u548c\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u7684\u65e5\u5fc3\u8bf4\u4e4b\u4e89\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u8bf4\uff0c\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u6258\u52d2\u5bc6\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u548c\u6258\u52d2\u5bc6\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u91d1\u9c7c\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u5730\u7403\u4e0d\u52a8\u8fd8\u662f\u592a\u9633\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5929\u8c61\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u629b\u5f00\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u7684\u65e5\u5fc3\u8bf4\u5728\u6709\u5173\u5b87\u5b99\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4e89\u8bba\u4e0a\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u4f18\u52bf\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u7a0b\u5728\u592a\u9633\u9759\u6b62\u4e0d\u52a8\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u7cfb\u4e2d\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\u800c\u5df2\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u552f\u5b9e\u8bba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u8868\u8ff0\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u5468\u56f4\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u4ece\u89c6\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u63a5\u6536\u539f\u59cb\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u53cc\u773c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7efc\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u7ec6\u8282\u5e76\u586b\u8865\u8bf8\u5982\u89c6\u89c9\u76f2\u70b9\u4e4b\u7c7b\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u8fd8\u4ece\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u611f\u3002\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u628a\u6905\u5b50\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5229\u7528\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\u6563\u5c04\u7684\u5149\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u667a\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u6905\u5b50\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u975e\u5e38\u64c5\u957f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u4eba\u5e26\u4e0a\u4e00\u526f\u7279\u6b8a\u773c\u955c\uff0c\u8ba9\u5448\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u773c\u775b\u91cc\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0a\u4e0b\u98a0\u5012\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u8ba9\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e0d\u98a0\u5012\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u613f\u5728\u4ed6\u60f3\u5750\u4e0b\u6765\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u53d8\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7ba1\u7aa5\u6df1\u5c42\u7406\u8bba<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8ffd\u5bfb\u7ec8\u6781\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u50cf\u5f26\u8bba(string theory)\u8fd9\u6837\u8ba9\u4eba\u6ee1\u6000\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u6b64\u9971\u53d7\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u5f26\u8bba\u662f20 \u4e16\u7eaa70 \u5e74\u4ee3\u88ab\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u90fd\u7edf\u4e00\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u53bb\u2014\u2014\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u628a\u5f15\u529b\u5e76\u5165\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5230\u4e8620 \u4e16\u7eaa90 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u73b0\u5f26\u8bba\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c34\u5c2c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u57285 \u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f26\u8bba\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9f13\u5439\u5f26\u8bba\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u884c\u4e07\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u786e\u5b9e\u76f8\u5f53\u96be\u582a\u3002\u5230\u4e8690 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u89c9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u6765\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u8d85\u5f15\u529b\u8bba(supergravity)\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5bf9\u5076\u6027\u201d (duality)\u5f7c\u6b64\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u5076\u6027\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u6765\u56de\u53d8\u6362\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u4f46\u5f88\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u53ea\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u4f4e\u80fd\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u591f\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u5f26\u8bba\u5b66\u5bb6\u73b0\u5728\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd95 \u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f26\u8bba\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aM \u7406\u8bba\u3002\uff3b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684M \u4ee3\u8868\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662fMaster(\u7edf\u9886)\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662fMiracle (\u5947\u8ff9)\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662fMystery(\u795e\u79d8)\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u517c\u800c\u6709\u4e4b\u3002\uff3d\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u53c2\u8be6M \u7406\u8bba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u7ec8\u6781\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b87\u5b99\u4e07\u7269\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cM \u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f17\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5730\u56fe\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u7403\u5982\u5b9e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5e73\u9762\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u5957\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u5f20\u53ea\u8986\u76d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u9650\u533a\u57df\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u56fe\u4f1a\u4e92\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u56fe\u90fd\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5730\u8c8c\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cM \u7406\u8bba\u5927\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7406\u8bba\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u53ef\u80fd\u5343\u5dee\u4e07\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e95\u5c42\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u76f8\u4e92\u91cd\u53e0\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4f1a\u9884\u8a00\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u591f\u6db5\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u5927\u83b7\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u7edd\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u5c31\u50cf\u91d1\u9c7c\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\uff0cM \u7406\u8bba\u8868\u660e\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7269\u7406\u573a\u666f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u6216\u8bb8\u90fd\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u552f\u5b9e\u8bba\uff0c\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u66f4\u771f\u5b9e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u5927\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u5bf9\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u8fdc\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u6b63\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u672c\u6765\u9762\u76ee\u3002
\n\uff08\u672c\u6587\u6765\u81ea\u79d1\u5b66\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6742\u5fd7\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u300a\u73af\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\u300b11\u6708\u53f7\uff1a\u539f\u9898\uff1a\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u201d\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u64b0\u6587: \u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d1(Stephen Hawking)\u3000\u83b1\u6602\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u8499\u6d1b\u8fea\u8bfa(Leonard Mlodinow);\u3000\u3000\u7ffb\u8bd1: \u5e9e\u73ae \u3000\u3000\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8499\u624e\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5e02\u6c11\u5c06\u91d1\u9c7c\u517b\u5728\u5706\u5f62\u9c7c\u7f38\u91cc\u89c2\u8d4f\u3002\u63d0\u6848\u8005\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u628a\u91d1\u9c7c\u5173\u5728\u5706\u5f62\u9c7c\u7f38\u91cc\u975e\u5e38\u6b8b\u5fcd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f2f\u66f2\u7684\u8868\u9762\u4f1a\u8ba9\u91d1\u9c7c\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u4e16\u754c\u53d8\u5f97\u626d\u66f2\u3002\u629b\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e00\u6cd5\u6848\u7ed9\u53ef\u601c\u7684\u91d1\u9c7c\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u798f\u7949\u4e0d\u8c08\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff1f\u91d1\u9c7c\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u80af\u5b9a\u5b83\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u4e0d\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u5b9e\uff1f\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u5c31\u8fde\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7ec8\u5176\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u900f\u8fc7\u4e00\u5757\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u955c\u7247\u6253\u91cf\u5468\u906d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u975e\u7eaf\u7406\u8bba\u7a7a\u60f3\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u773c\u4e0b\u7684\u5904\u5883\u548c\u91d1\u9c7c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6c42\u7d22\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u6781\u7684\u4e07\u6709\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u5907\u81ea\u6d3d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u5bb6\u65cf\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u900f\u8fc7\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5706\u5f62\u9c7c\u7f38\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6216\u8bb8\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u5708\u5185\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u8fd8\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u8fbe\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7ecf\u5178\u79d1\u5b66\u5c31\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u611f\u77e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u552f\u5b9e\u8bba(realism)\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5bf9\u8482\u83ab\u897f\u00b7\u5229\u91cc(Timothy Leary)\u548c\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u8bb0\u5fc6\u72b9\u65b0\u7684\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u611f\u77e5\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u89c2\u70b9\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u5f02\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u79f0\u4e3a\u53cd\u552f\u5b9e\u8bba(antirealism)\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u4e3b\u4e49(instrumentalism)\u6216\u552f\u5fc3\u8bba(idealism)\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u667a\u4ee5\u611f\u5b98\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a\u539f\u6599\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u7ed3\u6784\u5851\u9020\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u6216\u8bb8\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u4e2d\u62b9\u53bb\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u968f\u7740\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u552f\u5b9e\u8bba\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u6b63\u53d8\u5f97\u5c8c\u5c8c\u53ef\u5371\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u725b\u987f\u4f53\u7cfb\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u7269\u4f53\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u4e5f\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6(\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u7406\u89e3)\u76f8\u7b26\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d4b\u91cf\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5e73\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u7269\u4f53\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee4\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5149\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u7269\u4f53(\u5982\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u5149\u5b50)\u6784\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u4f53\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\u53bb\u6d4b\u91cf\u90a3\u4e9b\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u503c\u624d\u4f1a\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u8fd8\u6781\u5927\u5730\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u201d\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u660e\u786e\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u8ddf\u201c\u672a\u6765\u201d\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e24\u6837\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u6697\u542b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u2014\u2014\u867d\u7136\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u6865\u6881\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u65f6\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u4e0a\u5927\u5fd9\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3a\u8be0\u91ca\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8131\u79bb\u56fe\u666f\u6216\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u800c\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u552f\u5b9e\u8bba\u201d(model-dependent realism)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u666f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5c06\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u4e0e\u89c2\u6d4b\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u6309\u7167\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u552f\u5b9e\u8bba\uff0c\u8ffd\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5426\u771f\u5b9e\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u53ea\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u89c2\u6d4b\u76f8\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u4e0e\u89c2\u6d4b\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u771f\u5b9e\u3002\u8c01\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u9009\u53d6\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u7528\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u522b\u53bb\u8bc4\u5224\u771f\u5b9e \u3000\u3000\u53e6\u7c7b\u73b0\u5b9e(alternative realities)\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4eca\u65e5\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u79d1\u5e7b\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5e1d\u56fd\u300b(The Matrix)\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c31\u6beb\u65e0\u5bdf\u89c9\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u667a\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u865a\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ba9\u4eba\u7c7b\u4fdd\u6301\u5b89\u5b9a\u5e76\u5fc3\u6ee1\u610f\u8db3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8089\u8eab\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0a\u62bd\u53d6\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u91cf(\u59d1\u4e14\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u79cd\u80fd\u91cf)\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u6b64\u523b\u5c31\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5e1d\u56fd\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7684\u3001\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u81ea\u5706\u5176\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u9075\u5faa\u4efb\u4f55\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u638c\u63a7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5916\u661f\u4eba\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u8da3\u6216\u8005\u597d\u73a9\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e3a\u4e86\u770b\u770b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7a81\u7136\u5bf9\u5de7\u514b\u529b\u6df1\u6076\u75db\u7edd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u591c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6d88\u9664\u6218\u4e89\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u60c5\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5916\u661f\u4eba\u575a\u51b3\u4e0d\u80af\u8fdd\u80cc\u81ea\u6d3d\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u529e\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5916\u661f\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5047\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u865a\u62df\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u7684\u751f\u7269\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b87\u5b99(\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u6000\u7591\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5e76\u975e\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u3002 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